Myopia (also referred to as near-sightness) is a condition which causes blurry vision at distance. It is most often caused by elongation of the eyeball resulting in the vision not being focused on the retina. This results in people being able to see clearly at near but blurry at distance. The higher a person’s myopia the blurrier things will become for objects further away (see picture).
Myopia has been identified by the World Health Organization as a major concern as prevalence is increasing. Currently 22.9% of the global population has myopia and it has been predicted to increase to almost 50% by 2050. The WHO Blindness Prevention and Control program lists myopia as an avoidable vision impairment and a public health problem.
Prolonged Close-up Activities
Prolonged reading or other close-up activities are associated with an increased risk of nearsightedness and progression.
Screen Time
Studies have shown that children who use computers or smart devices for long periods have a greater risk of developing nearsightedness.
Environmental Conditions
Some studies support the idea that a lack of time spent outdoors may increase the risk of nearsightedness.
Genetics
Nearsightedness tends to run in families. If one parent is nearsighted, the risk of developing the condition is increased. The risk is higher if both parents are nearsighted.